import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import os
from collections import UserDict

def load_data(data_dir):
    """Load the GEFCom 2014 energy load data"""

    energy = pd.read_csv(os.path.join(data_dir, 'energy.csv'), parse_dates=['timestamp'])

    # Reindex the dataframe such that the dataframe has a record for every time point
    # between the minimum and maximum timestamp in the time series. This helps to 
    # identify missing time periods in the data (there are none in this dataset).

    energy.index = energy['timestamp']
    energy = energy.reindex(pd.date_range(min(energy['timestamp']),
                                          max(energy['timestamp']),
                                          freq='H'))
    energy = energy.drop('timestamp', axis=1)

    return energy


def mape(predictions, actuals):
    """Mean absolute percentage error"""
    return ((predictions - actuals).abs() / actuals).mean()


def create_evaluation_df(predictions, test_inputs, H, scaler):
    """Create a data frame for easy evaluation"""
    eval_df = pd.DataFrame(predictions, columns=['t+'+str(t) for t in range(1, H+1)])
    eval_df['timestamp'] = test_inputs.dataframe.index
    eval_df = pd.melt(eval_df, id_vars='timestamp', value_name='prediction', var_name='h')
    eval_df['actual'] = np.transpose(test_inputs['target']).ravel()
    eval_df[['prediction', 'actual']] = scaler.inverse_transform(eval_df[['prediction', 'actual']])
    return eval_df


class TimeSeriesTensor(UserDict):
    """A dictionary of tensors for input into the RNN model.
    
    Use this class to:
      1. Shift the values of the time series to create a Pandas dataframe containing all the data
         for a single training example
      2. Discard any samples with missing values
      3. Transform this Pandas dataframe into a numpy array of shape 
         (samples, time steps, features) for input into Keras

    The class takes the following parameters:
       - **dataset**: original time series
       - **target** name of the target column
       - **H**: the forecast horizon
       - **tensor_structures**: a dictionary discribing the tensor structure of the form
             { 'tensor_name' : (range(max_backward_shift, max_forward_shift), [feature, feature, ...] ) }
             if features are non-sequential and should not be shifted, use the form
             { 'tensor_name' : (None, [feature, feature, ...])}
       - **freq**: time series frequency (default 'H' - hourly)
       - **drop_incomplete**: (Boolean) whether to drop incomplete samples (default True)
    """
    
    def __init__(self, dataset, target, H, tensor_structure, freq='H', drop_incomplete=True):
        self.dataset = dataset
        self.target = target
        self.tensor_structure = tensor_structure
        self.tensor_names = list(tensor_structure.keys())
        
        self.dataframe = self._shift_data(H, freq, drop_incomplete)
        self.data = self._df2tensors(self.dataframe)
    
    def _shift_data(self, H, freq, drop_incomplete):
        
        # Use the tensor_structures definitions to shift the features in the original dataset.
        # The result is a Pandas dataframe with multi-index columns in the hierarchy
        #     tensor - the name of the input tensor
        #     feature - the input feature to be shifted
        #     time step - the time step for the RNN in which the data is input. These labels
        #         are centred on time t. the forecast creation time
        df = self.dataset.copy()
        
        idx_tuples = []
        for t in range(1, H+1):
            df['t+'+str(t)] = df[self.target].shift(t*-1, freq=freq)
            idx_tuples.append(('target', 'y', 't+'+str(t)))

        for name, structure in self.tensor_structure.items():
            rng = structure[0]
            dataset_cols = structure[1]
            
            for col in dataset_cols:
            
            # do not shift non-sequential 'static' features
                if rng is None:
                    df['context_'+col] = df[col]
                    idx_tuples.append((name, col, 'static'))

                else:
                    for t in rng:
                        sign = '+' if t > 0 else ''
                        shift = str(t) if t != 0 else ''
                        period = 't'+sign+shift
                        shifted_col = name+'_'+col+'_'+period
                        df[shifted_col] = df[col].shift(t*-1, freq=freq)
                        idx_tuples.append((name, col, period))
                
        df = df.drop(self.dataset.columns, axis=1)
        idx = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(idx_tuples, names=['tensor', 'feature', 'time step'])
        df.columns = idx

        if drop_incomplete:
            df = df.dropna(how='any')

        return df
    
    def _df2tensors(self, dataframe):
        
        # Transform the shifted Pandas dataframe into the multidimensional numpy arrays. These
        # arrays can be used to input into the keras model and can be accessed by tensor name.
        # For example, for a TimeSeriesTensor object named "model_inputs" and a tensor named
        # "target", the input tensor can be acccessed with model_inputs['target']
    
        inputs = {}
        y = dataframe['target']
        y = y.as_matrix()
        inputs['target'] = y

        for name, structure in self.tensor_structure.items():
            rng = structure[0]
            cols = structure[1]
            tensor = dataframe[name][cols].as_matrix()
            if rng is None:
                tensor = tensor.reshape(tensor.shape[0], len(cols))
            else:
                tensor = tensor.reshape(tensor.shape[0], len(cols), len(rng))
                tensor = np.transpose(tensor, axes=[0, 2, 1])
            inputs[name] = tensor

        return inputs
       
    def subset_data(self, new_dataframe):
        
        # Use this function to recreate the input tensors if the shifted dataframe
        # has been filtered.
        
        self.dataframe = new_dataframe
        self.data = self._df2tensors(self.dataframe)
